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Penulis Topik: Penyakit  (Dibaca 1272 kali)

0 Anggota dan 2 Pengunjung sedang melihat topik ini.

Offline biobio

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Re:Penyakit
« Jawab #15 pada: Desember 03, 2011, 10:27:48 AM »
untuk pertanyaan pertama, sebenarnya pernah dibahas di sini juga. Tapi kalau ada yg belum jelas, bisa ditanyakan lebih detil kok  :)

Maksudnya gimana ini? apa hubungan artikel ini dg pertanyaan ts?

Saya rasa thread ini harus ditujukan pada pengaruh lingkungan pada kondisi tubuh dengan potensi genetisnya yang sudah ada dari lahir / sejauh mana lingkungan berpengaruh terhadap keadaan tubuh. Kalau meminjam istilah yang populer di etologi / biologi perilaku adalah "nature vs. nurture" dimana "nature" mengacu pada kondisi dari sononya, dan "nurture" adalah pemeliharaan atau kondisi lingkungan selama masa hidup-tumbuh-kembang organisme.

Sebelum melangkah lebih jauh, ada baiknya dipastikan seluruh peserta diskusi mengetahui / paham bagaimana kondisi DNA tertentu mempengaruhi sifat / trait / karakter organisme. Coba disini: http://www.forumsains.com/biologi/from-gene-to-protein-one-gene-one-polypeptide/msg58657/#msg58657
Intinya penyakit tertentu menyebabkan kondisi DNA berubah sehingga tidak bisa mengkode enzim tertentu. Misalkan pathway berikut:
A + B -----> Hormon Pertumbuhan, reaksi tersebut dikatalis oleh protein Z. Bila secara keturunan, ybs tidak ada enzim Z, jelas ia terhambat pertumbuhannya. Namun bila secara genetis ia punya pun, bila makanannya gak ada / kekurangan zat A atau B, ia pendek juga! Kira-kira itu gambarannya.

Kutip
yg dibahas kan pertanyaan semut-ireng dan Novieainie tentang pengaruh lingkungn terhadap penyakit menurun
apakah dbd termasuk penyakit menurun?

Mungkin penyakitnya gak menurun, namun kecenderungannya yang menurun, contoh adalah hubungan penyakit sel-sabit / sickle-cell disease dengan kecenderungan malaria (browsing aja ya)

Kutip
bahas lebih banyak tentang gene therapy dong om biobio  ^-^ ... sampai di mana keberhasilan gene therapy saat ini? mungkin bisa dibuat thread baru aja ya  ^-^

Siap kakak... ^^

Barangkali untuk thread ini, kita bisa mulai dg membahas terlebih dahulu macam2 penyakit.

1. Apa itu penyakit  ;D
2. Penyakit menurun dan tidak menurun - apa definisinya, apa saja contoh2nya
3. Penyakit menular dan tidak menular - apa definisinya, apa saja jenis2nya
4. Penyakit (disease) dan gejala (syndrome) - apa bedanya

Ntar setelah itu baru kita masuk ke pertanyaan yg lebih detil seperti pertanyaan exile_rstd   ;)  yuuk lanjuut...  ;D


1. A disease is an abnormal condition affecting the body of an organism. It is often construed to be a medical condition associated with specific symptoms and signs (Dorland's Medical Dictionary)
2. ini kita bahas
3. ini biasanya tergantung penyakitnya disebabkan oleh apa, bisa pindah-pindah gak penyebabnya.
4. Disease kayaknya merupakan kumpulan syndrome. Silahkan cari referensi yang lebih dapat dipertanggungjawabkan. Hehehe.

Scientia Sapientes Elegit
(Knowledge Choose The Wise One)

Offline biobio

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Re:Penyakit
« Jawab #16 pada: Desember 03, 2011, 10:29:14 AM »
Ini saya berikan istilah-istilah yang bisa dibaca dulu sebelum melangkah lebih lanjut:
air-borne disease
the causative agent is transmitted via the air without the need for intervention by other medium. See also wind-borne disease.

disease carrier
see carrier, vector.

clinical disease
see clinical.

disease cluster
a group of animals with the same disease occurs at an unusual level of prevalence for the population as a whole. The cluster may be in space, with high concentrations in particular localities, or in time, with high concentrations in particular seasons or in particular years.
communicable disease

infectious disease in which the causative agents may pass or be carried from one animal to another directly or indirectly on inanimate objects or via vectors.

complicating disease
one that occurs in the course of some other disease as a complication.

constitutional disease
one involving a system of organs or one with widespread signs.

contagious disease
see communicable disease (above).

disease control
reducing the prevalence of a disease in a population, including eradication, by chemical, pharmaceutical, quarantine, management including culling, or other means or combinations of means.

disease control programs
organized routines specifying agents, administration, time and personnel allocations, community support, funding, participation of corporate or government agencies, animal and animal product disposal.

deficiency disease
a condition due to dietary or metabolic deficiency, including all diseases caused by an insufficient supply of essential nutrients.

degenerative joint disease
see degenerative joint disease, osteoarthritis.

demyelinating disease
any condition characterized by destruction of myelin.

disease determinant
any variable associated with a disease which, if removed or altered, results in a change in the incidence of the disease.

egg-borne disease
an infectious disease of birds in which the agent is spread via the egg.

endemic disease
see endemic.

environmental disease control
control by changing the environment, e.g. draining a swamp, ventilating a barn.

epidemic disease
see epidemic.

etiological disease classification
diseases arranged in the order of their etiological agents, e.g. bacterial, mycoplasma.

exotic disease
a disease that does not occur in the subject country. Said of infectious diseases that may be introduced, e.g. rabies is exotic to the UK, contagious bovine pleuropneumonia is exotic to the USA.

focal disease
a localized disease.

fulminant disease
an explosive outbreak in a group or a rapidly developing, peracute development of a disease in an individual. Called also fulminating.

functional disease
any disease involving body functions but not associated with detectable organic lesion or change.

generalized disease
one involving all or many body systems; often said of infectious diseases in which there is spread via the bloodstream. See also systemic disease (below).

glycogen disease
any of a group of genetically determined disorders of glycogen metabolism, marked by abnormal storage of glycogen in the body tissues. See also glycogen storage disease.

heavy chain disease
see heavy-chain disease.

hemolytic disease of newborn
see alloimmune hemolytic anemia of the newborn.

hemorrhagic disease of newborn
see neonatal hemorrhagic disease.

disease history
that part of a patient's history which relates only to the disease from which the patient is suffering.

holoendemic disease
most animals in the population are affected.

hyperendemic disease
the rate of infection is steady but high.

hypoendemic disease
the rate of infection is steady and only a few animals are infected.

immune complex disease
see immune complex disease.

infectious disease
one caused by small living organisms including viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa and metazoan parasites. It may be contagious in origin, result from nosocomial infections or be due to endogenous microflora of the nose and throat, skin or bowel. See also

communicable disease (above).

manifestational disease classification
diseases arranged in the order of their clinical signs, epidemiological characteristics, necropsy lesions, e.g. sudden death diseases.

mesoendemic disease
the disease occurs at an even rate and a moderate proportion of animals are infected.

metabolic disease
see metabolic diseases.

molecular disease
any disease in which the pathogenesis can be traced to a single, precise chemical alteration, usually of a protein, which is either abnormal in structure or present in reduced amounts. The corresponding defect in the DNA coding for the protein may also be known.
multicausal disease
1. a number of causative agents are needed to combine to cause the disease.
2. the same disease can be caused by a number of different agents.

multifactorial disease
see multicausal disease (above).

new disease
disease not previously recorded. May be variants on an existing disease, e.g. infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, or escapes from other species, e.g. the Marburg virus disease of humans.

notifiable disease
a disease of which any occurrence is required by law to be notified to government authorities.

organic disease
see organic disease.

pandemic disease
a very widespread epidemic involving several countries or an entire continent.

quarantinable disease
a disease which the law requires to be restricted in its spread by putting the affected animals, farms or properties on which it occurs in quarantine.

reportable disease
see notifiable disease (above).

disease reservoir
any animal or fomite in which an infectious disease agent is preserved in a viable state or multiplies and upon which it may depend for survival.

secondary disease
1. a disease subsequent to or a consequence of another disease or condition.
2. a condition due to introduction of incompatible, immunologically competent cells into a host rendered incapable of rejecting them by heavy exposure to ionizing radiation.
self-limited disease
see self-limited.

sex-limited disease
disease limited in its occurrence to one or other sex. See also sex-linked.

sexually transmitted disease (STD)
a disease that can be acquired by sexual intercourse.

slaughter disease control
see slaughter

sporadic disease
occurring singly and haphazardly; widely scattered; not epidemic or endemic. See also sporadic bovine encephalomyelitis, sporadic leukosis, sporadic lymphangitis.

storage disease
see storage disease

disease syndrome
see syndrome.

systemic disease
sufficiently widespread in the body to cause clinical signs referable to any organ or system, and in which localization of infection may occur in any organ.

disease triangle
interaction between the host, the disease agent, and the environment.

disease wastage
loss of income generated by production of milk, eggs, fiber, or loss of capital value because of diminution in the patient's value.

wasting disease
any disease marked especially by progressive emaciation and weakness.

zoonotic disease
disease capable of spread from animals to humans. See also zoonosis.

Offline exile_rstd

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Re:Penyakit
« Jawab #17 pada: Desember 03, 2011, 02:58:23 PM »
iya, sedikitnya saya sudah mengerti beberapa dasar dlm mempelajari aspek penurunan sifat terlebih DNA yg tak lain cetak biru dr sel induk bukan. CMIIW

*oia maaf kalau OOT kalau mau akses dorland.com itu harus register ya biar dapat definisi kata yang kita masukan?
« Edit Terakhir: Desember 03, 2011, 03:00:36 PM oleh exile_rstd »
i adore your intelligence - pusing banyak saingan dimana-mana

 

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